EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE

Abstract

Abstract: Chronic diseases, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory disorders, have emerged as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. These conditions impose a substantial burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare services remains limited. The growing prevalence of these diseases is largely attributed to lifestyle changes, urbanization, aging populations, and increased exposure to risk factors such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. This paper explores the significance of early diagnosis and the integral role of primary healthcare in managing chronic diseases. It critically examines existing strategies such as community-based screening programs, health education initiatives, integration of digital health technologies, and patient-centered care approaches. Additionally, the study highlights key challenges, including inadequate healthcare infrastructure, shortage of trained professionals, low health awareness, financial constraints, and fragmented healthcare delivery systems. Keywords: Chronic Diseases, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Early Diagnosis, Primary Healthcare, Disease Management, Preventive Healthcare, Community Health, Health Systems, Healthcare Accessibility, Public Health Policy, Digital Health, Patient-Centered Care, Health Awareness, Sustainable Healthcare Systems