THE ROLE OF DHARMA IN INDIAN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY: A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS

Abstract

The concept of dharma has been a cornerstone of Indian political philosophy, shaping the ethical, social, and political dimensions of governance throughout history. Rooted in ancient texts like the Vedas, Dharmashastras, and epics such as the Mahabharata and Ramayana, dharma has provided a framework for justice, duty, and social harmony. This paper traces the evolution of dharma from its historical origins, examining its interplay with governance models in classical Indian thought and its reinterpretation during the colonial and post-independence periods. In the contemporary context, dharma continues to influence political ideologies, governance practices, and ethical debates in India, balancing tradition with modernity. By exploring both its historical and modern dimensions, this study highlights the enduring relevance of dharma in addressing challenges such as corruption, social inequality, and the need for sustainable governance in a diverse and pluralistic society. Keywords: Dharma, Indian political philosophy, ethical governance, classical texts, Mahabharata, Arthashastra, colonialism, modern politics, Hindutva, secularism, social harmony, sustainability, Indian Constitution.